On families of testing formulae for a pp formula
نویسنده
چکیده
Astier and Tressl have recently proven that a pp formula fails on a finite subspace of a space of orderings if and only if a certain family of formulae is verified (V. Astier, M. Tressl, Axiomatization of localglobal principles for pp formulas in spaces of orderings, Arch. Math. Logic 44, No. 1 (2005), 77-95). The proof given in their paper is nonconstructive and uses rather advanced techniques from model theory. In this note we slightly strengthen their result by constructing another family of formulae with the same property, whose elements are given explicitly. We also illustrate the developed theory with an example of the testing family for a pp formula that is known to be a counterexample to the pp conjecture. ∗Corresponding author: phone +1-805-893-3833, fax +1-805-893-2385
منابع مشابه
Evaluation of the Formulae Based on Red Blood Cell Indices in Differentiating Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Beta Thalasemia Minor
Background and Aims: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta thalassemia minor (BTM) are the most common hypochromic microcytic anemias, and it is regarded important to differentiate between them. several formulae can be taken into consideration based on red blood cell (RBC) parameters in order to distinguish between these two disorders. Hence, the present study intended to evaluate the sensitivi...
متن کاملShape Effects and Definition of Hydraulic Radius in Manning 's Equation in Open Channel Flow
In the Manning equation the hydraulic radius can be defined as the cross-section dimension of the shape. In pipe flow the bed shear stress is assumed to be uniformly distributed along the wetted perimeter which cannot be true in open channel flow. Hence, three approximation of the true boundary shear-stress distribution are examined and more practical conveyance depth or resistance radius formu...
متن کاملConvexity results and sharp error estimates in approximate multivariate integration
An interesting property of the midpoint rule and trapezoidal rule, which is expressed by the so-called Hermite–Hadamard inequalities, is that they provide one-sided approximations to the integral of a convex function. We establish multivariate analogues of the Hermite–Hadamard inequalities and obtain access to multivariate integration formulae via convexity, in analogy to the univariate case. I...
متن کاملTesting a Point Null Hypothesis against One-Sided for Non Regular and Exponential Families: The Reconcilability Condition to P-values and Posterior Probability
In this paper, the reconcilability between the P-value and the posterior probability in testing a point null hypothesis against the one-sided hypothesis is considered. Two essential families, non regular and exponential family of distributions, are studied. It was shown in a non regular family of distributions; in some cases, it is possible to find a prior distribution function under which P-va...
متن کاملThe Impact of Correction for Guessing Formula on MC and Yes/No Vocabulary Tests' Scores
A standard correction for random guessing (cfg) formula on multiple-choice and Yes/Noexaminations was examined retrospectively in the scores of the intermediate female EFL learners in an English language school. The correctionwas a weighting formula for points awarded for correct answers,incorrect answers, and unanswered questions so that the expectedvalue of the increase in test score due to g...
متن کامل